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Παγκόσμια πληθυσμιακή αύξηση σε περιοχές που διατρέχουν κίνδυνο πλημμύρας
  • 06 Oct 2023
  • επικαιρότητα

Δραματική πληθυσμιακή αύξηση σε περιοχές που διατρέχουν κίνδυνο πλημμύρας, παγκοσμίως, σημειώνεται από το 1985 και μετά, σύμφωνα με έρευνα που δημοσιεύθηκε στο περιοδικό Nature.

Στην έρευνα, στην οποία συμμετείχε και ο επίκουρος καθηγητής Ωκεανογραφίας και Θαλάσσιων Βιοεπιστημών του Πανεπιστημίου Αιγαίου, Μιχάλης Βουσδούκας, εξετάστηκαν δεδομένα για το χρονικό διάστημα 1985-2015. Διαπιστώθηκε ότι αυτήν την περίοδο οι ανθρώπινοι οικισμοί επεκτάθηκαν κατά 85,4%, ωστόσο, οι οικισμοί με την υψηλότερη έκθεση σε κίνδυνο πλημμύρας αυξήθηκαν κατά 122%. Τα παραπάνω ευρήματα υποδεικνύουν ότι η ανθρώπινη κατοίκηση σε ζώνες υψηλού κινδύνου πλημμύρας είναι ταχύτερη από αυτήν σε περιοχές με χαμηλό κίνδυνο πλημμύρας. Επιπλέον, διαπιστώθηκε ότι το 2015 τουλάχιστον το 11,3% όλων των κατοικημένων περιοχών, παγκοσμίως, αντιμετώπιζαν υψηλό ή πολύ υψηλό κίνδυνο πλημμύρας.

Η αύξηση των αστικών οικισμών μπορεί να προωθεί την οικονομική ανάπτυξη, αλλά εγείρει και ανησυχίες σχετικά με την αυξημένη ευπάθεια σε φυσικούς κινδύνους και την επιβάρυνση των δημόσιων υπηρεσιών και υποδομών. Τα συγκεκριμένα ευρήματα διαπιστώνονται ενώ προηγούμενες έρευνες επεσήμαναν ότι οι πληθυσμοί που πλήττονται από πλημμύρες αυξάνονται.

Επίσης, εντοπίστηκε ότι η δυναμική της έκθεσης σε πλημμύρες διαφέρει μεταξύ των περιφερειών και των χωρών διαφορετικού εισοδηματικού επιπέδου. Για παράδειγμα, η περιοχή της ανατολικής Ασίας και του Ειρηνικού είχε το μεγαλύτερο ποσοστό κατοίκησης σε επικίνδυνες περιοχές. Η Ευρώπη, όπως και η Λατινική Αμερική και η Καραϊβική, η κεντρική Ασία, είναι περιοχές όπου το ποσοστό ανάπτυξης της κατοίκησης σε περιοχές εκτεθειμένες σε πλημμύρες ξεπερνά το ποσοστό ανάπτυξης σε μη ευάλωτες περιοχές. Αντίθετα, η υποσαχάρια Αφρική και η Βόρεια Αμερική είχαν τα μικρότερα ποσοστά έκθεσης σε κινδύνους.

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