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Nέο τεστ DNA μπορεί να ανιχνεύσει 18 τύπους καρκίνου σε πρώιμο στάδιο
  • 11 Jan 2024
  • επικαιρότητα

Αμερικανοί επιστήμονες ανέπτυξαν ένα απλό τεστ DNA που μπορεί να ανιχνεύσει 18 διαφορετικούς τύπους καρκίνου σε πρώιμο στάδιο, εξέλιξη που σύμφωνα με ειδικούς μπορεί να φέρει την επανάσταση στη μάχη με την νόσο, που ευθύνεται για έναν στους έξι θανάτους ανά την υφήλιο.

Το τεστ που ανέπτυξαν οι ερευνητές στις ΗΠΑ αναλύει πρωτεΐνες στο αίμα και μπορεί να διαγνώσει τύπους καρκίνου σε όλα τα βασικά όργανα του ανθρώπινου σώματος, σύμφωνα με τον Guardian.

Οι ερευνητές συνέλεξαν δείγματα πλάσματος από 440 άτομα, που είχαν διαγνωστεί με 18 διαφορετικούς τύπους καρκίνου και από 44 υγιείς αιμοδότες. Εν συνεχεία μέτρησαν περισσότερες από 3.000 πρωτεΐνες, που συνδέονται στενά με χημικές οδούς του καρκίνου σε κάθε δείγμα, χρησιμοποιώντας μια τεχνολογία που αναπτύσσει αντισώματα και έναν στατιστικό αλγόριθμο σε μια διαδικασία δύο σταδίων και ταυτοποίησαν δέκα πρωτεΐνες που έδειξαν καρκίνους σε πρώιμο στάδιο και προέρχονταν από τους ασθενείς «με υψηλή ακρίβεια».

«Στο στάδιο Ι (το πρωιμότερο στάδιο του καρκίνου) και με ειδικότητα 99%, τα πάνελ μας ήταν σε θέση να αναγνωρίσουν το 93% των καρκίνων μεταξύ των ανδρών και το 84% των καρκίνων μεταξύ των γυναικών. Τα ειδικά για το φύλο πάνελ εντοπισμού μας αποτελούνταν από 150 πρωτεΐνες και ήταν σε θέση να προσδιορίσουν τον ιστό προέλευσης των περισσότερων καρκίνων σε ποσοστό άνω του 80% των περιπτώσεων», ανέφεραν οι ερευνητές στη μελέτη τους.

Η ανάλυση των πρωτεϊνών του πλάσματος έδειξε επίσης ότι σχεδόν όλες ήταν παρούσες σε πολύ χαμηλά επίπεδα, πράγμα που δείχνει τη σημασία των πρωτεϊνών χαμηλών επιπέδων για την ανίχνευση προκαρκινικών και πρώιμων σταδίων της νόσου προτού ένας όγκος προλάβει να προκαλέσει σημαντική βλάβη, τόνισαν προσθέτοντας, πάντως, ότι λόγω του σχετικά μικρού μεγέθους του δείγματός τους θα χρειαστούν περαιτέρω μελέτες σε μεγαλύτερες ομάδες ανθρώπων.

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